The threat posed by quantum computers is no longer science fiction. At a gathering of Ethereum developers, the risk of Bitcoin being hacked through quantum cryptography emerged as a central topic, prompting the industry to begin building proactive defense systems to prevent a potential catastrophe.
According to cryptocurrency media outlet Bitcoinist on Feb. 22 (local time), developers and security researchers at the recent ETH Denver event focused on the devastating impact powerful quantum machines could have on the Bitcoin (BTC) network. New proposals aimed at strengthening defenses before a real crisis strikes are being incorporated into the network improvement process.
Experts warn that digital signatures face a far greater threat than hashing, which is used in mining. Breaking hashing encryption would require machines of an unrealistic scale with current models, but the elliptic curve cryptography protecting most modern crypto wallets could be reversed relatively easily by a quantum computer equipped with Shor’s algorithm.
If appropriate hardware is developed, a hacker could derive a wallet’s private key using only a publicly exposed public key. Blockchain security firm Project Eleven is already closely tracking millions of coins whose public keys have been exposed, making them potential targets for large-scale quantum machines. Meanwhile, Bitcoin is currently trading at around $67,715.
The projected timeline for the arrival of quantum hacking is also being revised. In the past, millions of qubits were believed necessary to carry out such attacks, but recent research teams, including Iceberg Quantum, suggest that the number could be drastically reduced to the hundreds of thousands. Advances in Google’s error-correction technology do not mean blockchain defenses will be breached immediately, but they indicate that risk assessment models must fundamentally change.
In response, the digital asset industry is busy preparing coordinated countermeasures. The Ethereum Foundation has established a post-quantum preparedness group, and major exchanges have joined defense discussions. Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong has also formed an advisory group, emphasizing that with thorough planning and preparation, the quantum threat is a challenge that can be adequately addressed.
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